| My first shipping job was
in the early eighties as a cargo claims officer
for Union Maritime Services Ltd who were the
monopoly Trans Tasman carrier at the time. The vast
majority of the inquiries I received were for
damage to cargo and in most cases I got out the
trusty "Claim Denied" stamp and
referred the claimant to their insurance broker.
Occasionally there would be a pilferage or
missing cargo lodgement and again I was often
able to deflect these claims by quoting the
"shippers load ,stow & count"
clause which pretty much protected the carrier
from any liability. My only perk back then was a
Polaroid camera but theres only so many
snaps you can take of your unsuspecting workmates
before that novelty wore off.
After
a while it all became a bit of a yawn and I began
to hope there would be a serious incident to
relieve the monotony, nothing that resulted in a
loss of life of course, but something that might
involve more than breaking out the rubber stamp.
A few months later my prayers were answered when
cargo on board one of our ships caught fire on
route to Auckland and dozens of containers were
jettisoned overboard to save the vessel from
going down in flames. My boss told me there was
to be a "General Average" and he was
going to put me in charge of handling the whole
thing. I thought I was being given a golden
opportunity to shine, but it turned out to be a
hospital pass instead. In essence, a G.A is an
ancient maritime law which is founded on the
principle that the vessel and goods are parties
to the same venture and therefore share exposure
to the same risks, which may require sacrifice or
the incurring of expense on the part of one for
the benefit of the whole.
Therefore
every shipper that had cargo on the vessel had to
contribute towards to the total damage cost . You
can imagine how pleased they were to be told to
stump up a percentage of the value of their cargo
before we would release the freight. But the ones
that got really angry were those that paid their
contribution only to find out that their cargo
had already been jettisoned to avoid danger to
the vessel & crew.
The
old saying "be careful what you wish for ;
it might happen" was never proved truer when
after six months of dealing with hundreds of
mainly hostile shippers, countless insurance
companies and collating a pile of documents that
would full a library I finally closed the file.
Shortly thereafter I handed in my stamp pad &
Polaroid camera , vowing never to have anything
to do with claims again.
The
only interesting part of that job was gaining an
understanding of how and why modern cargo
carrying vessels lose freight overboard which is
best demonstrated by the below graphic :

The
above illustration highlights the 6, seperate
force directions which constantly work to stress
"On Deck" stowed containers .
Worldwide, around 10,000 containers are lost
overboard each year. Many spill their cargo into
the ocean , either by storm , poor stowage or
jettison on purpose if there is a greater risk to
the safety of vessel & crew. If you are
really worried about losing your precious cargo
overboard you can specifiy "Under deck
Stowage" but be prepared to pay a premium
rate for preferred stow.
Some
cool stuff ends up in the ocean so keep your eyes
open when you next you walk along the shore. In
1999, the vessel "P&O Nedlloyd
Auckland" encountered a hurricane
mid-Pacific that threw a dozen 40ft. containers
overboard, two of which were loaded with 80,000
Nike cross trainers. To this day, beachcombers on
the North West Shore of the USA still discover
good-as-new shoes but struggle to find a matching
pair because Nike didn't tie the laces together.

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